Socio-economic factors in the differential upsurge of tick-borne encephalitis in central and Eastern Europe

@article{citeulike:2304336, abstract = {Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), the most serious widespread vector-borne disease of humans in Europe, increased from 2- to 30-fold in many Central and Eastern European countries from 1992 to 1993, coinciding with independence from Soviet rule. Unemployment and low income have been shown in Latvia to be statistically associated with high-risk behaviour involving harvest of wild foods from tick-infested forests, and also with not being vaccinated against TBE. Archival data for 1970--2005 record major changes in the agricultural and industrial sectors, and consequent changes in the abiotic and biotic environment and socio-economic conditions, which could have increased the abundance of infected ticks and the contact of humans with those ticks. For example, abandoned agricultural fields became suitable for rodent transmission hosts; use of pesticides and emissions of atmospheric industrial pollutants plummeted; wildlife hosts for ticks increased; tick populations appear to have responded; unemployment and inequality increased in all countries. These factors, by acting synergistically but differentially between and within each country, can explain the marked spatio-temporal heterogeneities in TBE epidemiology better than can climate change alone, which is too uniform across wide areas. Different degrees of socio-economic upheaval caused by political transition in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Slovenia and the Czech Republic can apparently explain the marked variation in TBE upsurge. Causal linkage between national socio-economic conditions and epidemiology is strongly indicated by striking correlations across eight countries between the degree of upsurge of TBE and both poverty and household expenditure on food (R2 = 0.533 and 0.716, respectively).}, address = {Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK; State Agency \„Public Health Agency\”, Riga, Latvia; Centre for Communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, Vilnius, Lithuania; National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia; Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic}, author = {Sumilo, Dana and Bormane, Antra and Asokliene, Loreta and Vasilenko, Veera and Golovljova, Irina and Avsic-Zupanc, Tatjana and Hubalek, Zdenek and Randolph, Sarah E. }, citeulike-article-id = {2304336}, doi = {10.1002/rmv.566}, journal = {Reviews in Medical Virology}, keywords = {disease, tbe, tick-borne, ticks}, number = {9999}, pages = {n/a+}, posted-at = {2008-01-29 15:29:53}, priority = {2}, title = {Socio-economic factors in the differential upsurge of tick-borne encephalitis in central and Eastern Europe}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rmv.566}, volume = {9999}, year = {2008} }

TY - JOUR ID - citeulike:2304336 L3 - citeulike-article-id:2304336 TI - Socio-economic factors in the differential upsurge of tick-borne encephalitis in central and Eastern Europe JF - Reviews in Medical Virology VL - 9999 IS - 9999 SP - n/a AD - Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK; State Agency „Public Health Agency”, Riga, Latvia; Centre for Communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, Vilnius, Lithuania; National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia; Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic N2 - Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), the most serious widespread vector-borne disease of humans in Europe, increased from 2- to 30-fold in many Central and Eastern European countries from 1992 to 1993, coinciding with independence from Soviet rule. Unemployment and low income have been shown in Latvia to be statistically associated with high-risk behaviour involving harvest of wild foods from tick-infested forests, and also with not being vaccinated against TBE. Archival data for 1970--2005 record major changes in the agricultural and industrial sectors, and consequent changes in the abiotic and biotic environment and socio-economic conditions, which could have increased the abundance of infected ticks and the contact of humans with those ticks. For example, abandoned agricultural fields became suitable for rodent transmission hosts; use of pesticides and emissions of atmospheric industrial pollutants plummeted; wildlife hosts for ticks increased; tick populations appear to have responded; unemployment and inequality increased in all countries. These factors, by acting synergistically but differentially between and within each country, can explain the marked spatio-temporal heterogeneities in TBE epidemiology better than can climate change alone, which is too uniform across wide areas. Different degrees of socio-economic upheaval caused by political transition in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Slovenia and the Czech Republic can apparently explain the marked variation in TBE upsurge. Causal linkage between national socio-economic conditions and epidemiology is strongly indicated by striking correlations across eight countries between the degree of upsurge of TBE and both poverty and household expenditure on food (R2 = 0.533 and 0.716, respectively). KW - disease KW - tbe KW - tick-borne KW - ticks AU - Sumilo, Dana AU - Bormane, Antra AU - Asokliene, Loreta AU - Vasilenko, Veera AU - Golovljova, Irina AU - Avsic-Zupanc, Tatjana AU - Hubalek, Zdenek AU - Randolph, Sarah PY - 2008/// UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rmv.566 ER -