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Nuclear Double Resonance in the Rotating Frame

by: SR Hartmann, EL Hahn
Physical Review, Vol. 128, No. 5. (1 December 1962), 2042.


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A double nuclear resonance spectroscopy method is introduced which depends upon effects of magnetic dipole-dipole coupling between two different nuclear species. In solids a minimum detectability of the order of 10 14 to 10 16 nuclear Bohr magnetons/cc of a rare b nuclear species is predicted; to be measured in terms of the change in a strong signal displayed by an abundant a nuclear species. The a magnetization is first oriented by a strong radio-frequency field in the frame of reference rotating at its Larmor frequency. The b nuclear resonance is obtained simultaneously with a second radio-frequency field; and with the condition that the a and b spins have the same Larmor frequencies in their respective rotating frames; a cross relaxation will occur between the two spin systems. The cross-relaxation interaction; which lasts for the order of a long spin-lattice relaxation time of the a magnetization; is arranged to produce a cumulative demagnetization of the a system when maximum sensitivity is desired. Final observation of the reduced a magnetization indicates the nuclear resonance of the b system. The concepts of uniform spin temperature; when it is valid; and of nonuniform spin temperature where spin diffusion is important; are applied. The density matrix method formulates the double resonance interaction rate in second order. Preliminary tests of the double resonance effect are carried out with a nuclear quadrupole system.


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