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|[beta]|-arrestin1 phosphorylation by GRK5 regulates G protein-independent 5-HT4 receptor signalling Export

The EMBO Journal, Vol. 28, No. 18. (06 August 2009), pp. 2706-2718.

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G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have been found to trigger G protein-independent signalling. However, the regulation of G protein-independent pathways, especially their desensitization, is poorly characterized. Here, we show that the G protein-independent 5-HT4 receptor (5-HT4R)-operated Src/ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) pathway, but not the Gs pathway, is inhibited by GPCR kinase 5 (GRK5), physically associated with the proximal region of receptor' C-terminus in both human embryonic kidney (HEK)-293 cells and colliculi neurons. This inhibition required two sequences of events: the association of –arrestin1 to a phosphorylated serine/threonine cluster located within the receptor C-t domain and the phosphorylation, by GRK5, of –arrestin1 (at Ser412) bound to the receptor. Phosphorylated -arrestin1 in turn prevented activation of Src constitutively bound to 5-HT4Rs, a necessary step in receptor-stimulated ERK signalling. This is the first demonstration that -arrestin1 phosphorylation by GRK5 regulates G protein-independent signalling.


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