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Abstract
This study explores issues of access to high-status occupations in the Canadian labour market, with particular emphasis on refugees who were in professional or managerial positions prior to their arrival in Canada. The study is based on interviews with a sample of 525 adult refugees who were initially resettled in the province of Alberta between 1992 and 1997. About two thirds of the respondents came from former Yugoslavia, the remainder from countries in the Middle East, Central America, Africa, and Southeast ...
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Abstract
Previous studies have identified but failed to explain satisfactorily the positive relationship between income inequality and homicide rates. This paper proposes an explanation based on the concept of relative deprivation, but also reviews the criminological literature in a search for other theoretically relevant variables. After assessing problems of sampling and measurement, and using a considerably larger sample than used in previous studies, multiple regression analyses reveal positive net effects of both inequality and population growth (reflecting a higher proportion of young ...
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Canadian Journal of Sociology / Cahiers canadiens de sociologie, Vol. 10, No. 1. (1985), pp. 1-22, doi:10.2307/3339931
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Abstract
This article tests the assumption that youth's work attitudes are changing to reflect the restructured labour markets that often are taken as a characteristic of late-modernity. Comparing 1985 and 1996 cohorts of high school leavers in a Canadian city, we find that occupational aspirations increased significantly since 1985, especially among females, in ways consistent with employment trends in a service-based economy. However, the 1985 and 1996 youth cohorts wanted very similar conditions in a job, and in each cohort we observed ...
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Abstract
This study used a school-based community sample (N = 920) to examine trajectories of depressive symptoms, self-esteem, and expressed anger in the critical years of emerging adulthood (ages 18–25). Using data from 5 waves, the authors discovered that multilevel models indicated that, on average, depressive symptoms and expressed anger declined, whereas self-esteem increased. Between-persons predictors of variability in trajectories included gender (gender gaps in depressive symptoms and self-esteem narrowed), parents' education, and conflict with parents (depressive symptoms and expressed anger improved ...
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Abstract
La plupart des études des aspirations professionnelles des jeunes ont analysé les rapports entre divers facteurs et les aspirations sans chercher à déterminer comment ces aspirations pourraient évoluer au fur et à mesure que les adolescents font la transition entre l'école et le marché du travail. Compte tenu de la situation sur le marché du travail au Canada, les grandes aspirations en matière de carrière de beaucoup de jeunes risquent fort d'être déçues. Les données d'une étude àéchantillon constant chez des ...
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Abstract
La majeure partie du débat sur l'amélioration des compétences qui rendent employables les jeunes Canadiens se fonde sur des hypothèses non vérifiées. Cet article examine les rapports fournis par des étudiants du secondaire eux-mêmes, en Alberta, sur les compétences professionnelles qu'ils ont acquises dans les cours donnés par l'école secondaire, les programmes d'expérience de travail, les emplois à temps partiel rémunérés et le travail bénévole. Certains types de compétences professionnelles sont beaucoup plus susceptibles d'être acquis dans certains cadres que dans ...
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Youth and Society, Vol. 20, No. 4. (0 1989), pp. 416-44
Abstract
Correlations between delinquency among high school dropouts and a number of non-educational factors are explored. The study posits that unemployment and other labor market factors, as much as academic failure, influence dropout criminal behavior. The effects of free time, boredom, youthfulness, substance abuse, and peer pressure are also implicated. (AF) ...
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The Canadian Journal of Sociology / Cahiers canadiens de sociologie, Vol. 16, No. 3. (1991), doi:10.2307/3340678
Abstract
A survey of two thousand high-school seniors in three Canadian cities reveals that teenagers with part-time jobs are somewhat more likely than those who are not working to admit to alcohol use and other illegal activity. This deviant behaviour cannot be attributed to the greater discretionary income which a part-time job provides or to a reduction in parental control. Instead, working teenagers are more likely to have friends who engage in illegal activity. This, in turn, may influence their own behaviour. ...
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