Throwing while looking through prisms. II. Specificity and storage of multiple gaze-throw calibrations. Export

@article{citeulike:620813, abstract = {Human subjects threw balls of clay at a visual target while looking through wedge prism spectacles. In studies of short-term adjustment, subjects threw in the direction of their prism-bent gaze, missing the target to that side. Within 10-30 throws, they gradually adapted with a wider gaze-throw angle and hit the target. Immediately after removal of the prisms the wide gaze-throw angle persisted and throws missed the target to the opposite side, the so-called 'negative after effect'. Repeated throws were required to adapt back to the normal gaze-throw angle and hit the target. The adaptation was specific both to the body parts trained and the type of throw trained: training with the right hand did not generalize to throwing with the left; overhand training seldom generalized to underhand throwing. In a study of long-term adjustment, two subjects threw with the same hand (right) and the same type of throw (overhand) alternately, with and without prisms, over a period of 6 weeks. They gradually learned to hit the target on the first throw, with and without prisms. The two gaze-throw calibrations (prism and no-prism) were retained for > 27 months. The long-term adjustment was shown to consist of a coordinated relationship of eye-in-head, head-on-trunk and trunk-on-arm angles.}, address = {Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis 63110, USA.}, author = {Martin, T. A. and Keating, J. G. and Goodkin, H. P. and Bastian, A. J. and Thach, W. T.}, citeulike-article-id = {620813}, citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://view.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8813283}, citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=8813283}, issn = {0006-8950}, journal = {Brain}, keywords = {netsurvey, throwing, up}, month = {August}, pages = {1199--1211}, posted-at = {2008-07-31 02:10:31}, priority = {2}, title = {Throwing while looking through prisms. II. Specificity and storage of multiple gaze-throw calibrations.}, url = {http://view.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8813283}, volume = {119 ( Pt 4)}, year = {1996} }

TY - JOUR ID - citeulike:620813 L3 - citeulike-article-id:620813 N2 - Human subjects threw balls of clay at a visual target while looking through wedge prism spectacles. In studies of short-term adjustment, subjects threw in the direction of their prism-bent gaze, missing the target to that side. Within 10-30 throws, they gradually adapted with a wider gaze-throw angle and hit the target. Immediately after removal of the prisms the wide gaze-throw angle persisted and throws missed the target to the opposite side, the so-called 'negative after effect'. Repeated throws were required to adapt back to the normal gaze-throw angle and hit the target. The adaptation was specific both to the body parts trained and the type of throw trained: training with the right hand did not generalize to throwing with the left; overhand training seldom generalized to underhand throwing. In a study of long-term adjustment, two subjects threw with the same hand (right) and the same type of throw (overhand) alternately, with and without prisms, over a period of 6 weeks. They gradually learned to hit the target on the first throw, with and without prisms. The two gaze-throw calibrations (prism and no-prism) were retained for > 27 months. The long-term adjustment was shown to consist of a coordinated relationship of eye-in-head, head-on-trunk and trunk-on-arm angles. JF - Brain SN - 0006-8950 AD - Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis 63110, USA. EP - 1211 TI - Throwing while looking through prisms. II. Specificity and storage of multiple gaze-throw calibrations. VL - 119 ( Pt 4) SP - 1199 KW - netsurvey KW - throwing KW - up AU - Martin, TA AU - Keating, JG AU - Goodkin, HP AU - Bastian, AJ AU - Thach, WT PY - 1996/08// UR - http://view.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8813283 ER -