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Anti-CD20 Monoclonal Antibody (Rituximab) for the Treatment of Membranous Nephropathy After Living-Unrelated Kidney Transplantation: A Case Report. |
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AbstractA 41-year-old Thai male with end-stage renal disease of uncertain etiology started chronic hemodialysis in November 2001. Two years later, he underwent a living unrelated, four HLA mismatched, kidney transplantation from his wife. Pretransplant class I panel reactive antibody was 80% and the cross-match was positive for immunoglobulin (Ig)M. There was no complication until 30 months after transplantation, when he developed frank nephrotic syndrome with 12.9 g/day of proteinuria. Serum creatinine was 1.5 mg/dL. Allograft biopsy showed membranous nephropathy and mild acute cellular rejection with plasma cell infiltration. In addition to enalapril, valsartan, and simvastatin, a single dose of rituximab (375 mg/m(2)) and a 3-day course of pulse methylprednisolone were prescribe for the acute rejection episode. The patient was maintained on the same immunosuppressive regimen: cyclosporine, azathioprine, and prednisolone. Five months after the therapy, proteinuria was reduced to 0.5 g/day with a normalized serum albumin level. At 4 years post transplantation, his renal function remains stable. His serum albumin is 4.5 g/dL and urine protein-to-creatinine ratio 0.2.
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