Substrate and Product Trafficking through the Active Center Gorge of Acetylcholinesterase Analyzed by Crystallography and Equilibrium Binding Export

@article{citeulike:4118502, abstract = {Hydrolysis of acetylcholine catalyzed by acetylcholinesterase (AChE), one of the most efficient enzymes in nature, occurs at the base of a deep and narrow active center gorge. At the entrance of the gorge, the peripheral anionic site provides a binding locus for allosteric ligands, including substrates. To date, no structural information on substrate entry to the active center from the peripheral site of AChE or its subsequent egress has been reported. Complementary crystal structures of mouse AChE and an inactive mouse AChE mutant with a substituted catalytic serine (S203A), in various complexes with four substrates (acetylcholine, acetylthiocholine, succinyldicholine, and butyrylthiocholine), two non-hydrolyzable substrate analogues (m-(N,N,N-trimethylammonio)-trifluoroacetophenone and 4-ketoamyltrimethylammonium), and one reaction product (choline) were solved in the 2.05-2.65-A resolution range. These structures, supported by binding and inhibition data obtained on the same complexes, reveal the successive positions and orientations of the substrates bound to the peripheral site and proceeding within the gorge toward the active site, the conformations of the presumed transition state for acylation and the acyl-enzyme intermediate, and the positions and orientations of the dissociating and egressing products. Moreover, the structures of the AChE mutant in complexes with acetylthiocholine and succinyldicholine reveal additional substrate binding sites on the enzyme surface, distal to the gorge entry. Hence, we provide a comprehensive set of structural snapshots of the steps leading to the intermediates of catalysis and the potential regulation by substrate binding to various allosteric sites at the enzyme surface. 10.1074/jbc.M603018200}, author = {Bourne, Yves and Radic, Zoran and Sulzenbacher, Gerlind and Kim, Esther and Taylor, Palmer and Marchot, Pascale}, citeulike-article-id = {4118502}, citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M603018200}, citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.jbc.org/cgi/content/abstract/281/39/29256}, citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://view.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16837465}, citeulike-linkout-3 = {http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=16837465}, day = {29}, doi = {10.1074/jbc.M603018200}, journal = {J. Biol. Chem.}, keywords = {acetyl, experimental, xray}, month = {September}, number = {39}, pages = {29256--29267}, posted-at = {2009-03-02 09:58:07}, priority = {2}, title = {Substrate and Product Trafficking through the Active Center Gorge of Acetylcholinesterase Analyzed by Crystallography and Equilibrium Binding}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M603018200}, volume = {281}, year = {2006} }

TY - JOUR ID - citeulike:4118502 L3 - citeulike-article-id:4118502 N2 - Hydrolysis of acetylcholine catalyzed by acetylcholinesterase (AChE), one of the most efficient enzymes in nature, occurs at the base of a deep and narrow active center gorge. At the entrance of the gorge, the peripheral anionic site provides a binding locus for allosteric ligands, including substrates. To date, no structural information on substrate entry to the active center from the peripheral site of AChE or its subsequent egress has been reported. Complementary crystal structures of mouse AChE and an inactive mouse AChE mutant with a substituted catalytic serine (S203A), in various complexes with four substrates (acetylcholine, acetylthiocholine, succinyldicholine, and butyrylthiocholine), two non-hydrolyzable substrate analogues (m-(N,N,N-trimethylammonio)-trifluoroacetophenone and 4-ketoamyltrimethylammonium), and one reaction product (choline) were solved in the 2.05-2.65-A resolution range. These structures, supported by binding and inhibition data obtained on the same complexes, reveal the successive positions and orientations of the substrates bound to the peripheral site and proceeding within the gorge toward the active site, the conformations of the presumed transition state for acylation and the acyl-enzyme intermediate, and the positions and orientations of the dissociating and egressing products. Moreover, the structures of the AChE mutant in complexes with acetylthiocholine and succinyldicholine reveal additional substrate binding sites on the enzyme surface, distal to the gorge entry. Hence, we provide a comprehensive set of structural snapshots of the steps leading to the intermediates of catalysis and the potential regulation by substrate binding to various allosteric sites at the enzyme surface. 10.1074/jbc.M603018200 IS - 39 JF - J. Biol. Chem. EP - 29267 TI - Substrate and Product Trafficking through the Active Center Gorge of Acetylcholinesterase Analyzed by Crystallography and Equilibrium Binding VL - 281 SP - 29256 KW - acetyl KW - experimental KW - xray AU - Bourne, Yves AU - Radic, Zoran AU - Sulzenbacher, Gerlind AU - Kim, Esther AU - Taylor, Palmer AU - Marchot, Pascale PY - 2006/09/29/ UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M603018200 ER -