Dopamine in drug abuse and addiction: results of imaging studies and treatment implications. Export

@article{citeulike:2754728, abstract = {Imaging studies have provided new insights on the role of dopamine (DA) in drug abuse and addiction in the human brain. These studies have shown that the reinforcing effects of drugs of abuse in human beings are contingent not just on DA increases per se in the striatum (including the nucleus accumbens) but on the rate of DA increases. The faster the increases, the more intense the reinforcing effects. They have also shown that elevated levels of DA in the dorsal striatum are involved in the motivation to procure the drug when the addicted subject is exposed to stimuli associated with the drug (conditioned stimuli). In contrast, long-term drug use seems to be associated with decreased DA function, as evidenced by reductions in D2 DA receptors and DA release in the striatum in addicted subjects. Moreover, the reductions in D2 DA receptors in the striatum are associated with reduced activity of the orbitofrontal cortex (region involved with salience attribution and motivation and with compulsive behaviors) and of the cingulate gyrus (region involved with inhibitory control and impulsivity), which implicates deregulation of frontal regions by DA in the loss of control and compulsive drug intake that characterizes addiction. Because DA cells fire in response to salient stimuli and facilitate conditioned learning, their activation by drugs will be experienced as highly salient, driving the motivation to take the drug and further strengthening conditioned learning and producing automatic behaviors (compulsions and habits).}, address = {nvolkow@nida.nih.gov}, author = {Volkow, N. D. and Fowler, J. S. and Wang, G. J. and Swanson, J. M. and Telang, F.}, citeulike-article-id = {2754728}, citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archneur.64.11.1575}, citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://view.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17998440}, citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=17998440}, doi = {10.1001/archneur.64.11.1575}, issn = {0003-9942}, journal = {Archives of neurology}, keywords = {addiction, dopamine, neurobiology, neuroimaging, treatment}, month = {November}, number = {11}, pages = {1575--1579}, posted-at = {2008-05-05 01:11:54}, priority = {5}, title = {Dopamine in drug abuse and addiction: results of imaging studies and treatment implications.}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archneur.64.11.1575}, volume = {64}, year = {2007} }

TY - JOUR ID - citeulike:2754728 L3 - citeulike-article-id:2754728 N2 - Imaging studies have provided new insights on the role of dopamine (DA) in drug abuse and addiction in the human brain. These studies have shown that the reinforcing effects of drugs of abuse in human beings are contingent not just on DA increases per se in the striatum (including the nucleus accumbens) but on the rate of DA increases. The faster the increases, the more intense the reinforcing effects. They have also shown that elevated levels of DA in the dorsal striatum are involved in the motivation to procure the drug when the addicted subject is exposed to stimuli associated with the drug (conditioned stimuli). In contrast, long-term drug use seems to be associated with decreased DA function, as evidenced by reductions in D2 DA receptors and DA release in the striatum in addicted subjects. Moreover, the reductions in D2 DA receptors in the striatum are associated with reduced activity of the orbitofrontal cortex (region involved with salience attribution and motivation and with compulsive behaviors) and of the cingulate gyrus (region involved with inhibitory control and impulsivity), which implicates deregulation of frontal regions by DA in the loss of control and compulsive drug intake that characterizes addiction. Because DA cells fire in response to salient stimuli and facilitate conditioned learning, their activation by drugs will be experienced as highly salient, driving the motivation to take the drug and further strengthening conditioned learning and producing automatic behaviors (compulsions and habits). IS - 11 JF - Archives of neurology SN - 0003-9942 AD - nvolkow@nida.nih.gov EP - 1579 TI - Dopamine in drug abuse and addiction: results of imaging studies and treatment implications. VL - 64 SP - 1575 KW - addiction KW - dopamine KW - neurobiology KW - neuroimaging KW - treatment AU - Volkow, ND AU - Fowler, JS AU - Wang, GJ AU - Swanson, JM AU - Telang, F PY - 2007/11// UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archneur.64.11.1575 ER -