Virus Counterdefense: Diverse Strategies for Evading the RNA-Silencing Immunity Export

@article{citeulike:4710239, abstract = {Abstract Viruses are obligate, intracellular pathogens that must manipulate and exploit host molecular mechanisms to prosper in the hostile cellular environment. Here we review the strategies used by viruses to evade the immunity controlled by 21- to 26-nt small RNAs. Viral suppressors of RNA silencing (VSRs) are encoded by genetically diverse viruses infecting plants, invertebrates, and vertebrates. VSRs target key steps in the small RNA pathways by inhibiting small RNA production, sequestering small RNAs, or preventing short- and long-distance spread of RNA silencing. However, although VSRs are required for infection, explicit data demonstrating a role of silencing suppression in virus infection are available only for a few VSRs. A subset of VSRs bind double-stranded RNA, but a distinct protein fold is revealed for each of the four VSRs examined. We propose that VSR families are evolved independently as a viral adaptation to immunity. Unresolved issues on the role of RNA silencing in virus-host interactions are highlighted.}, author = {Li, Feng and Ding, Shou W.}, citeulike-article-id = {4710239}, citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://arjournals.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.micro.60.080805.142205}, citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.micro.60.080805.142205}, doi = {10.1146/annurev.micro.60.080805.142205}, journal = {Annual Review of Microbiology}, keywords = {arbovirus, review, rnai, viral\_suppressor\_of\_rnai}, number = {1}, pages = {503--531}, posted-at = {2009-06-01 19:10:08}, priority = {2}, title = {Virus Counterdefense: Diverse Strategies for Evading the RNA-Silencing Immunity}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.micro.60.080805.142205}, volume = {60}, year = {2006} }

TY - JOUR ID - citeulike:4710239 L3 - citeulike-article-id:4710239 N2 - Abstract Viruses are obligate, intracellular pathogens that must manipulate and exploit host molecular mechanisms to prosper in the hostile cellular environment. Here we review the strategies used by viruses to evade the immunity controlled by 21- to 26-nt small RNAs. Viral suppressors of RNA silencing (VSRs) are encoded by genetically diverse viruses infecting plants, invertebrates, and vertebrates. VSRs target key steps in the small RNA pathways by inhibiting small RNA production, sequestering small RNAs, or preventing short- and long-distance spread of RNA silencing. However, although VSRs are required for infection, explicit data demonstrating a role of silencing suppression in virus infection are available only for a few VSRs. A subset of VSRs bind double-stranded RNA, but a distinct protein fold is revealed for each of the four VSRs examined. We propose that VSR families are evolved independently as a viral adaptation to immunity. Unresolved issues on the role of RNA silencing in virus-host interactions are highlighted. IS - 1 JF - Annual Review of Microbiology EP - 531 TI - Virus Counterdefense: Diverse Strategies for Evading the RNA-Silencing Immunity VL - 60 SP - 503 KW - arbovirus KW - review KW - rnai KW - viral_suppressor_of_rnai AU - Li, Feng AU - Ding, Shou PY - 2006/// UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.micro.60.080805.142205 ER -