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Nondeterministic Actions and the Frame ProblemIn Extending Theories of Action: Formal Theory & Practical Applications: Papers from the 1995 AAAI Spring Symposium (1995), pp. 39-44.
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Notes for this articleThe paper is motivated by the distinction between indefinite actions and nondeterministic actions and introduce language $\mathcal A^{ND}$ for nondeterministic actions. When action descriptions are definite (even if nondeterministic), possible action outcomes are known; indefinite descriptions do not fix the possible outcomes, and much weaker predictions are the result. For example, the effect $A\lnor B$ does not ensure that $A$ is even a possible outcome.
\[flip \textbf{causes} Heads\lor\lnot Heads \textbf{when} HaveCoin\] vs. \[flip \textbf{causes} Heads||\lnot Heads \textbf{when} HaveCoin\] \[flip \textbf{necessarily causes} \lnot HaveCoin \textbf{when} HaveCoin\]
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AbstractWe describe a logical system and methodology for the natural specification of nondeterministic actions. The logic combines elements of dynamic logic, process logic and the situation calculus and allows one to express alternative (actual and possible) paths or sequences of events. Our system permits a simple solution to the frame problem for nondeterministic actions that "completes" user-supplied theories of action. While drawing inspiration from Reiter's solution for the deterministic case,...
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