Are the windows to the soul the same in the East and West? Cultural differences in using the eyes and mouth as cues to recognize emotions in Japan and the United States Export

@article{citeulike:1372125, abstract = {The current research investigated the hypothesis that, depending on an individual's cultural background, facial cues in different parts of the face are weighted differently when interpreting emotions. Given that the eyes are more difficult to control than the mouth when people express emotions, we predicted that individuals in cultures where emotional subduction is the norm (such as Japan) would focus more strongly on the eyes than the mouth when interpreting others' emotions. By contrast, we predicted that people in cultures where overt emotional expression is the norm (such as the US) would tend to interpret emotions based on the position of the mouth, because it is the most expressive part of the face. This hypothesis was confirmed in two studies, one using illustrated faces, and one using edited facial expressions from real people, in which emotional expressions in the eyes and mouth were independently manipulated. Implications for our understanding of cross-cultural psychology, as well of the psychology of emotional interpretation, are discussed.}, author = {Yuki, Masaki and Maddux, William W. and Masuda, Takahiko}, citeulike-article-id = {1372125}, citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6WJB-4JT38WP-1/2/fc02dea6ee35fb3b1d1d960d5c1b6168}, journal = {Journal of Experimental Social Psychology}, keywords = {cognition, culture, emotion-recognition, emotions, facial-expressions, social}, month = {March}, number = {2}, pages = {303--311}, posted-at = {2007-06-08 09:10:40}, priority = {0}, title = {Are the windows to the soul the same in the East and West? Cultural differences in using the eyes and mouth as cues to recognize emotions in Japan and the United States}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6WJB-4JT38WP-1/2/fc02dea6ee35fb3b1d1d960d5c1b6168}, volume = {43}, year = {2007} }

TY - JOUR ID - citeulike:1372125 L3 - citeulike-article-id:1372125 N2 - The current research investigated the hypothesis that, depending on an individual's cultural background, facial cues in different parts of the face are weighted differently when interpreting emotions. Given that the eyes are more difficult to control than the mouth when people express emotions, we predicted that individuals in cultures where emotional subduction is the norm (such as Japan) would focus more strongly on the eyes than the mouth when interpreting others' emotions. By contrast, we predicted that people in cultures where overt emotional expression is the norm (such as the US) would tend to interpret emotions based on the position of the mouth, because it is the most expressive part of the face. This hypothesis was confirmed in two studies, one using illustrated faces, and one using edited facial expressions from real people, in which emotional expressions in the eyes and mouth were independently manipulated. Implications for our understanding of cross-cultural psychology, as well of the psychology of emotional interpretation, are discussed. IS - 2 JF - Journal of Experimental Social Psychology EP - 311 TI - Are the windows to the soul the same in the East and West? Cultural differences in using the eyes and mouth as cues to recognize emotions in Japan and the United States VL - 43 SP - 303 KW - cognition KW - culture KW - emotion-recognition KW - emotions KW - facial-expressions KW - social AU - Yuki, Masaki AU - Maddux, William AU - Masuda, Takahiko PY - 2007/03// UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6WJB-4JT38WP-1/2/fc02dea6ee35fb3b1d1d960d5c1b6168 ER -