We measure the viscoelasticity of entangled F-actin over length scales between 1 and 100 μm using one- and two-particle microrheology; and directly identify two distinct microscopic contributions to the elasticity. Filament entanglements lead to a frequency-independent elastic modulus over an extended frequency range of 0.01–30 rad/ sec ; this is probed with one-particle microrheology. Longitudinal fluctuations of the filaments increase the elastic modulus between 0.1 and 30 rad/ sec at length scales up to the filament persistence length; this is probed by two-particle microrheology.