The calculi of emergence: computation, dynamics and induction Export

@article{Crutchfield94, abstract = {Defining structure and detecting the emergence of complexity in nature are inherently subjective, though essential, scientific activities. Despite the difficulties, these problems can be analyzed in terms of how model-building observers infer from measurements the computational capabilities embedded in nonlinear processes. An observer's notion of what is ordered, what is random, and what is complex in its environment depends directly on its computational resources: the amount of raw measurement data, of memory, and of time available for estimation and inference. The discovery of structure in an environment depends more critically and subtlely though on how those resources are organized. The descriptive power of the observer's chosen (or implicit) computational model class, for example, can be an overwhelming determinant in finding regularity in data. This paper presents an overview of an inductive framework-hierarchical [epsilon]-machine reconstruction--in which the emergence of complexity is associated with the innovation of new computational model classes. Complexity metrics for detecting structure and quantifying emergence, along with an analysis of the constraints on the dynamics of innovation, are outlined. Illustrative examples are drawn from the onset of unpredictability in nonlinear systems, finitary nondeterministic processes, and cellular automata pattern recognition. They demonstrate how finite inference resources drive the innovation of new structures and so lead to the emergence of complexity.}, address = {Amsterdam, The Netherlands, The Netherlands}, author = {Crutchfield, James P.}, citeulike-article-id = {1075506}, citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=186092.186095}, citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-2789(94)90273-9}, citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?bibcode=1994PhyD...75...11C}, citeulike-linkout-3 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TVK-46TY4NH-4/2/408881ba49ee5b05857ab2086c386040}, doi = {10.1016/0167-2789(94)90273-9}, issn = {0167-2789}, journal = {Phys. D}, keywords = {complexity, emergence}, month = {August}, number = {1-3}, pages = {11--54}, posted-at = {2009-06-29 22:16:33}, priority = {2}, publisher = {Elsevier Science Publishers B. V.}, title = {The calculi of emergence: computation, dynamics and induction}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-2789(94)90273-9}, volume = {75}, year = {1994} }

TY - JOUR ID - Crutchfield94 L3 - citeulike-article-id:1075506 N2 - Defining structure and detecting the emergence of complexity in nature are inherently subjective, though essential, scientific activities. Despite the difficulties, these problems can be analyzed in terms of how model-building observers infer from measurements the computational capabilities embedded in nonlinear processes. An observer's notion of what is ordered, what is random, and what is complex in its environment depends directly on its computational resources: the amount of raw measurement data, of memory, and of time available for estimation and inference. The discovery of structure in an environment depends more critically and subtlely though on how those resources are organized. The descriptive power of the observer's chosen (or implicit) computational model class, for example, can be an overwhelming determinant in finding regularity in data. This paper presents an overview of an inductive framework-hierarchical [epsilon]-machine reconstruction--in which the emergence of complexity is associated with the innovation of new computational model classes. Complexity metrics for detecting structure and quantifying emergence, along with an analysis of the constraints on the dynamics of innovation, are outlined. Illustrative examples are drawn from the onset of unpredictability in nonlinear systems, finitary nondeterministic processes, and cellular automata pattern recognition. They demonstrate how finite inference resources drive the innovation of new structures and so lead to the emergence of complexity. IS - 1-3 JF - Phys. D SN - 0167-2789 AD - Amsterdam, The Netherlands, The Netherlands EP - 54 TI - The calculi of emergence: computation, dynamics and induction PB - Elsevier Science Publishers B. V. VL - 75 SP - 11 KW - complexity KW - emergence AU - Crutchfield, James PY - 1994/08/01/ UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-2789(94)90273-9 ER -