Stereotypies in polar bears. Export

@article{citeulike:280447, abstract = {The spatial and temporal patterns of stereotypies in three captive polar bears (Ursus maritimus) were analysed. There was considerable variation in the time budgets of the three animals: setereotypies made up 16.0\%, 24.4\%, and 76.5\% of the observation time between 8:00 A.M and 4:00 P.M. Stereotyped walking or swimming bouts were of significantly longer duration than variable walking or swimming bouts. Seventy-five bouts of stereotyped walking were observed in detail to test the hypothesis that stereotypies can reduce arousal level. The bouts were composed of regular laps. At a given site, each lap consisted of a fixed number of steps, and there was little variation in the duration of a lap. In one individual the walking speed decreased significantly in the course of stereotyped walking bouts. Generally, however, stereotyped walking bouts were not preceded by high activity levels and followed by low activity levels. Stereotyped walking was regularly associated with yawning and tongue-flicking. Qualitative observations suggest that polar bears remain attentive while stereotyping. It is hypothesized that stereotyped walking in polar bears does not originate from frustrated migratory activity, but from frustrated appetitive behavior.}, author = {Wechsler, B.}, citeulike-article-id = {280447}, comment = {Includes fairly detailed quantitative and qualitative descriptions of stereotyped pacing by the bears. p. 186 includes discussion of possible causes of stereotyped pacing.}, journal = {Zoo Biology}, keywords = {bears, hardcopy, pacing, stereotypy, swimming}, pages = {177--188}, posted-at = {2005-08-12 18:42:26}, priority = {0}, title = {Stereotypies in polar bears.}, volume = {10}, year = {1991} }

TY - JOUR ID - citeulike:280447 L3 - citeulike-article-id:280447 N2 - The spatial and temporal patterns of stereotypies in three captive polar bears (Ursus maritimus) were analysed. There was considerable variation in the time budgets of the three animals: setereotypies made up 16.0%, 24.4%, and 76.5% of the observation time between 8:00 A.M and 4:00 P.M. Stereotyped walking or swimming bouts were of significantly longer duration than variable walking or swimming bouts. Seventy-five bouts of stereotyped walking were observed in detail to test the hypothesis that stereotypies can reduce arousal level. The bouts were composed of regular laps. At a given site, each lap consisted of a fixed number of steps, and there was little variation in the duration of a lap. In one individual the walking speed decreased significantly in the course of stereotyped walking bouts. Generally, however, stereotyped walking bouts were not preceded by high activity levels and followed by low activity levels. Stereotyped walking was regularly associated with yawning and tongue-flicking. Qualitative observations suggest that polar bears remain attentive while stereotyping. It is hypothesized that stereotyped walking in polar bears does not originate from frustrated migratory activity, but from frustrated appetitive behavior. JF - Zoo Biology EP - 188 TI - Stereotypies in polar bears. VL - 10 SP - 177 KW - bears KW - hardcopy KW - pacing KW - stereotypy KW - swimming N1 - Includes fairly detailed quantitative and qualitative descriptions of stereotyped pacing by the bears. p. 186 includes discussion of possible causes of stereotyped pacing. AU - Wechsler, B PY - 1991/// ER -