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Challenges in converting to lead-free electronics

by: CM Garner, V Gupta, V Bissessur, A Kumar, R Aspandiar
Electronics Packaging Technology Conference, 2000. (EPTC 2000). Proceedings of 3rd (2000), pp. 6-9.


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For effective migration to lead-free electronics, the industry must identify a number of lead-free compatible solders, establish an effective assembly process temperature hierarchy, and have a large number of components that are compatible with this thermal hierarchy. In this paper, we propose a temperature hierarchy for lead-free reflow soldering, discuss the critical factors in developing an optimal lead-free reflow profile, and identify the challenges in making packages compatible with the higher solder temperatures associated with lead-free solders. We also briefly review the lead-free materials direction and challenges for solder ball interconnects, component termination and board finishes


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