Conformational transitions between open/closed or free/bound states in proteins bear functional importance. We propose a new technique (ANM-MC), in which the collective modes obtained from anisotropic network model (ANM) are used in conjunction with a Monte Carlo (MC) simulation approach to investigate conformational transition pathways and pathway intermediates. ANM-MC is applied to Adenylate Kinase (AK) and hemoglobin. The iterative method, in which normal modes are continuously updated during the simulation, proves successful in accomplishing the transition between open-closed conformations of AK and tense (T)-relaxed (R2) forms of hemoglobin (Calpha-root mean square deviation (RMSD) between two end structures being 7.13 A and 3.55 A, respectively). Target conformations are reached by RMSD of 2.27 A and 1.90 A for AK and hemoglobin, respectively. The intermediate conformations overlap with crystal structures from AK family within 3.0 A RMSD. In the case of hemoglobin, the transition of T-to-R2 is shown to pass through the R state. In both cases, lowest frequency modes are effective during transitions. Targeted Monte Carlo (TMC) approach is also utilized without application of collective modes. Both ANM-MC and TMC can explore the sequence of events in the transition pathways with an efficient yet realistic conformational search. 10.1529/biophysj.107.128447