Factors Influencing the Composition of the Intestinal Microbiota in Early Infancy Export

@article{citeulike:3747719, abstract = {OBJECTIVE. The aim of this study was to examine the contribution of a broad range of external influences to the gut microbiotic composition in early infancy. METHODS. Fecal samples from 1032 infants at 1 month of age, who were recruited from the KOALA Birth Cohort Study in the Netherlands, were subjected to quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assays for the enumeration of bifidobacteria, Escherichia coli, Clostridium difficile, Bacteroides fragilis group, lactobacilli, and total bacterial counts. Information on potential determinants of the gut microbiotic composition was collected with repeated questionnaires. The associations between these factors and the selected gut bacteria were analyzed with univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS. Infants born through cesarean section had lower numbers of bifidobacteria and Bacteroides, whereas they were more often colonized with C difficile, compared with vaginally born infants. Exclusively formula-fed infants were more often colonized with E coli, C difficile, Bacteroides, and lactobacilli, compared with breastfed infants. Hospitalization and prematurity were associated with higher prevalence and counts of C difficile. Antibiotic use by the infant was associated with decreased numbers of bifidobacteria and Bacteroides. Infants with older siblings had slightly higher numbers of bifidobacteria, compared with infants without siblings. CONCLUSIONS. The most important determinants of the gut microbiotic composition in infants were the mode of delivery, type of infant feeding, gestational age, infant hospitalization, and antibiotic use by the infant. Term infants who were born vaginally at home and were breastfed exclusively seemed to have the most "beneficial" gut microbiota (highest numbers of bifidobacteria and lowest numbers of C difficile and E coli). 10.1542/peds.2005-2824}, author = {Penders, John and Thijs, Carel and Vink, Cornelis and Stelma, Foekje F. and Snijders, Bianca and Kummeling, Ischa and van den Brandt, Piet A. and Stobberingh, Ellen E.}, citeulike-article-id = {3747719}, citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2005-2824}, citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/abstract/118/2/511}, citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://view.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16882802}, citeulike-linkout-3 = {http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=16882802}, day = {1}, doi = {10.1542/peds.2005-2824}, issn = {1098-4275}, journal = {Pediatrics}, keywords = {bacteria, gut}, month = {August}, number = {2}, pages = {511--521}, posted-at = {2008-12-04 14:27:40}, priority = {2}, title = {Factors Influencing the Composition of the Intestinal Microbiota in Early Infancy}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2005-2824}, volume = {118}, year = {2006} }

TY - JOUR ID - citeulike:3747719 L3 - citeulike-article-id:3747719 N2 - OBJECTIVE. The aim of this study was to examine the contribution of a broad range of external influences to the gut microbiotic composition in early infancy. METHODS. Fecal samples from 1032 infants at 1 month of age, who were recruited from the KOALA Birth Cohort Study in the Netherlands, were subjected to quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assays for the enumeration of bifidobacteria, Escherichia coli, Clostridium difficile, Bacteroides fragilis group, lactobacilli, and total bacterial counts. Information on potential determinants of the gut microbiotic composition was collected with repeated questionnaires. The associations between these factors and the selected gut bacteria were analyzed with univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS. Infants born through cesarean section had lower numbers of bifidobacteria and Bacteroides, whereas they were more often colonized with C difficile, compared with vaginally born infants. Exclusively formula-fed infants were more often colonized with E coli, C difficile, Bacteroides, and lactobacilli, compared with breastfed infants. Hospitalization and prematurity were associated with higher prevalence and counts of C difficile. Antibiotic use by the infant was associated with decreased numbers of bifidobacteria and Bacteroides. Infants with older siblings had slightly higher numbers of bifidobacteria, compared with infants without siblings. CONCLUSIONS. The most important determinants of the gut microbiotic composition in infants were the mode of delivery, type of infant feeding, gestational age, infant hospitalization, and antibiotic use by the infant. Term infants who were born vaginally at home and were breastfed exclusively seemed to have the most "beneficial" gut microbiota (highest numbers of bifidobacteria and lowest numbers of C difficile and E coli). 10.1542/peds.2005-2824 IS - 2 JF - Pediatrics SN - 1098-4275 EP - 521 TI - Factors Influencing the Composition of the Intestinal Microbiota in Early Infancy VL - 118 SP - 511 KW - bacteria KW - gut AU - Penders, John AU - Thijs, Carel AU - Vink, Cornelis AU - Stelma, Foekje AU - Snijders, Bianca AU - Kummeling, Ischa AU - van den Brandt, Piet AU - Stobberingh, Ellen PY - 2006/08/01/ UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2005-2824 ER -