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Abstract
This review examines the current state of knowledge about HIV/AIDS in terms of its origins, pathogenesis, genetic variation, and evolutionary biology. The HIV virus damages the host's immune system, resulting in AIDS, which is characterized by immunodeficiency, opportunistic infections, neoplasms, and neurological problems. HIV is a complex retrovirus with a high mutation rate. This mutation rate allows the virus to evade host immune responses, and evidence indicates that selection favors more virulent strains with rapid replication. While a number of controversial ...
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posted to ita
by xxxxxxxxxxx
on 2008-02-26 19:03:40
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Abstract
This article presents an overview of what we know about two perspectives, coined instructionist and constructionist, to games for learning. The instructionists, accustomed to thinking in terms of making instructional educational materials, turn naturally to the concept of designing instructional games. Far fewer people have sought to turn the tables: by making games for learning instead of playing games for learning. Rather than embedding "lessons" directly in games, constructionists have focused their efforts on providing students with greater opportunities to construct ...
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Abstract
The results in this paper show that coNP is contained in NP with 1 bit of advice (denoted NP=1) if and only if the Polynomial Hierarchy (PH) collapses to D , the second level of the Boolean Hierarchy (BH). Previous work showed that BH D =) coNP NP=poly. The stronger assumption that PH D in the new result allows the length of the advice function to be reduced to a single bit and also makes the converse true. The one-bit case can be generalized to any constant ...
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Equality and Responsibility, Vol. 1, No. 9., pp. 22-43
posted to no-tag
by xxxxxxxxxxx
on 2008-02-26 15:49:36
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Abstract
Lu [J. Internat. Manag. 9 (2003) 193] and Lohrke and Bruton [J. Internat. Manag. 3 (1997) 25] provided useful summaries of the current status of international strategic management (ISM) research. In this study, we revisit these two articles to investigate the field's evolution over the past 15 years. Our review points to expanding boundaries of ISM research. In particular, we highlight an infusion of various theories (e.g., institutional, social network, organizational learning theories) and frameworks [e.g., the resource-based view (RBV) of ...
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(30 January 2008)
Abstract
There is a great deal of practice, discussion, and publication about strategy, but surprisingly little investigation of the processes by which strategies actually form in organizations. Henry Mintzberg, one of the world's leading thinkers and writers on management, has over several decades examined the processes by which strategies have formed in a variety of contexts, and this book collects together his findings. Defining realized strategy - the strategy an organization has actually pursued - as a pattern in a stream ...
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Abstract
Recently, there has been a trend in both civil litigation and regulatory law to circumvent the scientific community's collective judgment on the quality of individual studies with an adversarial process of evaluating scientific quality using interest groups. The Supreme Court's Daubert v Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc opinion and two recent "good science" laws passed by Congress adopt an adversarial process informed by affected parties for reviewing and screening scientific quality. These developments are unwise. Both theory and experience instruct that an ...
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Abstract
In Ignorance and Uncertainty: Emerging Paradigms, Australian sociologist Michael Smithson observes that Western intellectuals, who once preoccupied themselves with knowledge, are increasingly pondering ignorance. Those who are not, he adds, should consider doing so. It is an arresting suggestion, not unlike the one art instructors often make to students of drawing: do not look at the figure; look at the space around the figure. Once attention is focused on ignorance rather than on knowledge, one begins to see that ignorance is ...
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(19 October 1999)
Abstract
This volume is a presentation of all methods of legal knowledge representation from the point of view of jurisprudence as well as computer science. A new method of automatic analysis of legal texts is presented in four case studies. Law is seen as an information system with legally formalised information processes. The achieved coverage of legal knowledge in information retrieval systems has to be followed by the next step: conceptual indexing and automatic analysis of texts. Existing approaches of ...
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posted to jite
by xxxxxxxxxxx
on 2008-02-26 11:34:12
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(30 October 2005)
Abstract
This intense confrontation between the most famous philosopher of our time and the Jewish poet writing in German who, perhaps more powerfully than any other, has testified to the European experience of the twentieth century, brings together four powerful encounters between Jacques Derrida and the poetry of Paul Celan. Included in Sovereignties in Question are the 1984 text "Schibboleth;" a 2000 essay that engages Celan poems as witness or testimony; an interview from 2001; a discussion of Celan’s "Meridian" lecture from ...
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(11 October 2006)
posted to crime law perspectives
by xxxxxxxxxxx
on 2008-02-26 11:26:51
Abstract
<div>This timely volume provides a critical analysis of the most comprehensive and least comprehended of state powers, the power to police, broadly understood as the power to maximize public welfare—or, more colorfully, its “peace, order, and good government.”<br><br>Featuring contributions by leading scholars from several countries working in a variety of fields, including law, criminology, political science, history, sociology, and social theory, <i>The New Police Science</i> examines the power to police as a basic technology of modern government that appears in a ...
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posted to 3_systems complaints uk
by xxxxxxxxxxx
on 2008-02-26 11:22:54
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(01 February 1998)
Abstract
<B>Is Nick Allen a troublemaker?</B><P>He really just likes to liven things up at school -- and he's always had plenty of great ideas. When Nick learns some interesting information about how words are created, suddenly he's got the inspiration for his best plan ever...the frindle. Who says a pen has to be called a pen? Why not call it a frindle? Things begin innocently enough as Nick gets his friends to use the new word. Then other people in town start ...
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Intelligent Distributed Surveilliance Systems, IEE (2004), pp. 41-45
Abstract
The latest generation of surveillance systems can be categorised as concurrent, distributed and large real-time systems. The most common and well-known approach to design these systems is based on object oriented technology. We present another approach to design an intelligent distributed surveillance system. The approach method is known as "real time network approach" or MASCOT, a design method for designing and implementing large real-time concurrent systems. The basic notion is that the flow of data through the system is controlled solely ...
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posted to parasite_immunology
by xxxxxxxxxxx
on 2008-02-26 11:01:04
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(31 October 2003)
Abstract
This is the first book focused excusively on Internet worms, offering solid worm detection and mitigation strategies to help professionals with their challenging work in the field. Discusses the classifications and groupings of worms, and offers a deeper understanding of how they work Along with the enormous growth of the Internet, threats to all computers are increasing in severity, especially from worms, which can easily exploit any weakness in a network and can lead to its ...
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Competitive Intelligence Magazine, Vol. 9, No. 1. (February 2006), pp. 29-30
posted to magazine risk
by xxxxxxxxxxx
on 2008-02-26 10:56:09
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Competitive Intelligence Magazine, Vol. 9, No. 5. (October 2006), pp. 38-38
posted to magazine
by xxxxxxxxxxx
on 2008-02-26 10:50:55
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(01 June 1998)
Abstract
Now nearing its 60th printing in English and translated into nineteen languages, Michael E. Porter's <I>Competitive Strategy</I> has transformed the theory, practice, and teaching of business strategy throughout the world. Electrifying in its simplicity -- like all great breakthroughs -- Porter's analysis of industries captures the complexity of industry competition in five underlying forces. Porter introduces one of the most powerful competitive tools yet developed: his three generic strategies -- lowest cost, differentiation, and focus -- which bring structure to the ...
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Abstract
The practice of surveillance under the meta-frame of security is based on acquiring ever more detailed information and parceling out the state territory into different types of enclosures. The state seeks flexibility to follow this information globally and in real time. To be able to act in preemptive ways, the state is reshaping its Weberian bureaucratic structure through internal reorganization, outsourcing, and suprastate security alliances. These developments threaten the relationship between the citizen and the state and raise ethical concerns. 10.1177/0002764207305148 ...
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Emerg Infect Dis, Vol. 11, No. 3. (March 2005), pp. 463-466
Abstract
We describe the enhanced rumor surveillance during the avian influenza H5N1 outbreak in 2004. The World Health Organization's Western Pacific Regional Office identified 40 rumors; 9 were verified to be true. Rumor surveillance informed immediate public health action and prevented unnecessary and costly responses. ...
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posted to group peer police police-suspect
by xxxxxxxxxxx
on 2008-02-24 12:42:29
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posted to management policing
by xxxxxxxxxxx
on 2008-02-24 12:38:48
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posted to as business policing society usual
by xxxxxxxxxxx
on 2008-02-24 12:31:37
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(13 December 2002)
Abstract
Text offers an innovative approach to the interaction between societies and their technologies. Proposes that surveillance is not simply a contemporary threat to individual freedoms, but also a powerful means of creating and reinforcing long-term social differences. A reference source for a wide variety of courses. Hardcover, softcover available from the publisher. ...
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Multimedia and Expo, 2004. ICME '04. 2004 IEEE International Conference on, Vol. 3 (2004), pp. 1571-1574 Vol.3
Abstract
This work presents a framework for event detection and video content analysis for visual surveillance applications. The system is able to coordinate the tracking of objects between multiple camera views, which may be overlapping or non-overlapping. The key novelty of our approach is that we can automatically learn a semantic scene model for a surveillance region, and have defined data models to support the storage of different layers of abstraction of tracking data into a surveillance database. The surveillance database provides ...
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(28 August 2004)
Abstract
The philosophy of mind is unique among contemporary philosophical subjects, writes John Searle, "in that all of the most famous and influential theories are false." In Mind, Searle dismantles these famous and influential theories as he presents a vividly written, comprehensive introduction to the mind. Here readers will find one of the world's most eminent thinkers shedding light on the central concern of modern philosophy. Searle begins with a look at the twelve problems of philosophy of mind--which he calls "Descartes ...
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The American Journal of Psychology, Vol. 102, No. 1. (1989), pp. 17-37
Abstract
What are the object properties that serve as a basis for the musical instrument classification system, and how do general and specific experience affect knowledge of these properties? In the first study, the multimodal quality of properties underlying children's and adults' perception was investigated. Subjects listened to solos and identified instruments producing the sounds. Even children who did not have experience with all the instruments correctly identified the family of instruments they were listening to. The hypothesis of the second study, ...
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Trends Cogn Sci, Vol. 5, No. 8. (1 August 2001), pp. 349-357
Abstract
A recent development in the cognitive science of reasoning has been the emergence of a probabilistic approach to the behaviour observed on ostensibly logical tasks. According to this approach the errors and biases documented on these tasks occur because people import their everyday uncertain reasoning strategies into the laboratory. Consequently participants' apparently irrational behaviour is the result of comparing it with an inappropriate logical standard. In this article, we contrast the probabilistic approach with other approaches to explaining rationality, and then ...
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(01 May 1989)
posted to boller george
by xxxxxxxxxxx
on 2008-02-24 01:07:02
Abstract
Abraham Lincoln never said, "You cannot fool all the people all the time." Thomas Jefferson never said, "That government is best which governs least." And Horace Greeley never said, "Go west, young man." In They Never Said It, Paul Boller, Jr., and John George examine hundreds of<br>misquotations, incorrect attributions, and blatant fabrications, outlining the origins of the quotes and revealing why they should be consigned to the historical trashcan. <br> Many of the misquotes are quite harmless. Some are ...
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Contexts, Vol. 4, No. 4. (2005), pp. 80-80
posted to contexts
by xxxxxxxxxxx
on 2008-02-24 01:04:24
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Socrates Dissatisfied, pp. 146-161
posted to socrates
by xxxxxxxxxxx
on 2008-02-24 01:03:28
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(2005)
Abstract
We will see how derivations in (a variation of) SKS can be translated into proof nets. Since an SKS derivation contains more information about a proof than the corresponding proof net, we observe a loss of information which can be understood as \eliminating bureaucracy". ...
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Abstract
Techniques for checking complex software range from model checking and static analysis to testing. We aim to use the power of exhaustive techniques, such as model checking and symbolic execution, to enable thorough testing of complex software. In particular, we have extended the Java PathFinder model checking tool (JPF) [3] with a symbolic execution capability [4,2] to enable test case generation for Java programs. Our techniques handle complex data structures, arrays, as well as multithreading, and generate optimized test suites that ...
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Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing, Vol. 63 (1996), pp. 617-619
Abstract
We have applied the method of nanosphere lithography to fabricate arrays of nanometer-scale gold and cobalt particles. The individual cobalt particles were found to be in a single domain state as verified by magnetic force microscopy. By tuning the preparation conditions, we also successfully fabricated arrays of mesoscopic gold rings for the first time with potential application for persistent current experiments. ...
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(25 November 2003)
Abstract
Highly topical and controversial examination of the education system. <br><br> "Education, education, education" has become an obsession for politicians and the public alike. It is seen as an economic panacea: an engine for growth and prosperity. But is there a link between increased spending on higher education and economic growth? Professor Alison Wolf takes a critical look at successive governments' education policy and challenges many of the tenets of received wisdom: there are no economic reasons for spending more on higher ...
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(30 October 2004)
Abstract
In his latest book, Frank Furedi argues that genuine intellectuals have largely disappeared from the public sphere - paradoxically, given that we supposedly live in a knowledge economy supported by an expanding higher education sector. The result is that potential intellectuals have taken up other, narrower, roles e.g. lobbyists, policy-advisers. This has impoverished public life. Furedi identifies the causes of this decline; the bureaucratisation of the university; reverse snobbishness; obsession with inclusiveness and relevance at all costs. In the final chapter ...
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(03 March 1992)
Abstract
Even as you read these words, a tiny portion of your brain is physically changing. New connections are being sprouted -- a circuit that will create a stab of recognition if you encounter the words again. That is one of the theories of memory presented in this intriguing and splendidly readable book, which distills three researchers' inquiries into the processes that enable us to recognize a face that has aged ten years or remember a melody for ...
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(19 November 1992)
Abstract
A series of anecdotes, such as are included in <I>Surely You're Joking, Mr Feynman</I>, shouldn't by rights add up to an autobiography, but that's just one of the many pieces of received wisdom that Nobel Prize-winning physicist Richard Feynman (1918-88) cheerfully ignores in this engagingly eccentric book. Fiercely independent (read the chapter entitled "Judging Books by Their Covers"), intolerant of stupidity even when it comes packaged as high intellectualism (check out "Is Electricity Fire?"), unafraid to offend (see "You Just Ask ...
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Respect, Pluralism, and Justice, pp. 87-119
posted to no-tag
by xxxxxxxxxxx
on 2008-02-24 00:19:46
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(08 July 1992)
Abstract
In this major new work, John Searle launches a formidable attack on current orthodoxies in the philosophy of mind. More than anything else, he argues, it is the neglect of consciousness that results in so much barrenness and sterility in psychology, the philosophy of mind, and cognitive science: there can be no study of mind that leaves out consciousness. What is going on in the brain is neurophysiological processes and consciousness and nothing more - no rule following, no mental information ...
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Abstract
Participants semantically categorized target words that contain subsets (Experiment 1; e.g., target = hatch, subset = hat) or that are parts of supersets (Experiment 2; e.g., target = bee, superset = beer). In both experiments, the targets were categorized in a congruent condition (in which the subset-superset was associated with the same response, e.g., Does hatch refer to a human body part?) and an incongruent condition (in which the subset-superset was associated with a conflicting response, e.g., Does hatch refer to ...
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Sleep Med Rev, Vol. 6, No. 3. (June 2002), pp. 157-173
Abstract
This article is a review of the current evidence that links systemic hypertension with obstructive sleep apnoea. Whilst a causal association has been suspected for some time, the day to day variability of both blood pressure and sleep apnoea severity, and clustering of confounding cardiovascular risk factors in sleep apnoea patients has made this association difficult to prove. There is unassailable evidence that obstructive apnoeas raise blood pressure acutely in both animal models and humans, through a combination of autonomic and ...
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Abstract
While instant messaging (IM) via computers is well entrenched in the United States, text messaging on mobile phones is a more recent technology in America. To investigate the emergence of American texting, this study compared text messages and IMs produced by American college students with respect to transmission length, emoticons and lexical shortenings, and sentential punctuation. We examine our findings in light of other statistical studies of texting and IM, and with respect to personal computer use in the United States ...
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