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Synergistic Gains from Corporate Acquisitions and Their Division Between the Stockholders of Target and Acquiring Firms Export

Journal of Financial Economics, Vol. 21, No. 1. (May 1988), pp. 3-41.

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acquisitions analysis company corporate gains mergers offers raiders returns statistical stockholders studies target tender

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A study examines the concept that a successful tender offer will increase the combined value of the target and acquiring firms by an average 7.4%. The empirical data come from 236 successful tender offers from 1963 to 1984. The analysis shows that a successful tender offer must be front-end loaded and that 2-tier, front-end loaded tender offers are not coercive and will not impede optimal allocation of target resources. Even though there are 3 parameters in any tender offer, it is only on the front-end offer price that rival bidding firms compete. The analysis further indicates that the firm that makes the highest-valued reallocation of target resources can always fashion the highest-valued winning bid. Moreover, target managers can always fashion an intrafirm tender offer that will defeat a value-decreasing interfirm tender offer, meaning that the management team that can make the highest-valued allocation of the target resources will acquire or maintain control of the target.


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