Paradise is a Bazaar? Greed, Creed, and Governance in Civil War, 1989-99 Export

@article{citeulike:1597638, abstract = {Some prominent recent studies of civil war argue that greed, not grievance, is the primary motivating factor behind violence, basing their conclusions on a strong empirical association between primary commodity exports and civil war. This study contrasts alternative propositions that see need-, creed-, and governance-based explanations that are intimately related to the question of primary commodity dependence and conflict. Maximum likelihood analysis on approximately 138 countries over the entire post- Cold War period shows little support for neo-Malthusian claims. Abundant mineral wealth makes countries highly unstable, whereas scarcity of renewable resources is largely unrelated to civil conflict. A positive effect of population density on conflict does not seem to be conditioned by renewable resource scarcity. Ethnicity is related to conflict when society is moderately homogenous; a highly plural society faces less risk. Very slight political liberalization leads to conflict, but larger increases reduce the danger considerably, supporting the view that conflict is driven by opportunistic behaviour rather than by grievance. Increases in homogeneity among Islamic and Catholic populations make them riskier. Perhaps institutional factors relating to separation of church and state rather than competing creeds explain culture conflicts. Larger shares of both Christians and Muslims within countries make them safer, contrary to claims of natural antagonism between the two. Governance, proxied by the ratio of total trade to GDP, predicts peace strongly, an under-theorized area within the study of civil war. Trade's relationship to peace is robust to specification and sample size, supporting the findings of the State Failure Project. Greater attention should perhaps be paid to formal and informal institutional factors that create the synergy between private and public spaces for overcoming collective action problems of maintaining peace. 10.1177/0022343302039004002}, author = {De-Soysa, Indra}, citeulike-article-id = {1597638}, citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343302039004002}, citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://jpr.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/39/4/395}, comment = {He criticizes Collier-Hoeffler(1998), mainly their use of primary goods exports as a fraction of total exports. He considers the Malthusian crises(population explosion -> resource scarcity -> conflict), institutions (to see if civil wars are caused by opportunists or justice-seeking martyrs), and religions (because most of the oil-producing states are Islam) He uses Maximum-likelihood probit analysis. His war data comes from Wallensteen \& Sollenberg 2000, which employs a low threshold of 25 battle-related deaths. (138 nations in the post-Cold War) The basic model is Pr(War 1989-1999)= f(E,D,P,R,S) where E=economic(WB2000), D=demography, P=political(PolityIII), R=resource(WB1997), and S=Social (Ethnicity, religion, etc). Results: There is little support for need-based arguments that Malthusian crises arise from resource scarcity. Ethnicity is related to conflict when society is homogeneous; a highly plural society faces less risk. Very slight political liberalization leads to conflict, but larger increases reduce the danger considerably, which supports that conflict is driven by opportunists rather than justice seeking martyrs. }, day = {1}, doi = {10.1177/0022343302039004002}, journal = {Journal of Peace Research}, keywords = {democracy, demography, ethnicity, religion, trade, wallensteen-sollenberg2000}, month = {July}, number = {4}, pages = {395--416}, posted-at = {2007-08-28 02:22:42}, priority = {0}, title = {Paradise is a Bazaar? Greed, Creed, and Governance in Civil War, 1989-99}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343302039004002}, volume = {39}, year = {2002} }

TY - JOUR ID - citeulike:1597638 L3 - citeulike-article-id:1597638 N2 - Some prominent recent studies of civil war argue that greed, not grievance, is the primary motivating factor behind violence, basing their conclusions on a strong empirical association between primary commodity exports and civil war. This study contrasts alternative propositions that see need-, creed-, and governance-based explanations that are intimately related to the question of primary commodity dependence and conflict. Maximum likelihood analysis on approximately 138 countries over the entire post- Cold War period shows little support for neo-Malthusian claims. Abundant mineral wealth makes countries highly unstable, whereas scarcity of renewable resources is largely unrelated to civil conflict. A positive effect of population density on conflict does not seem to be conditioned by renewable resource scarcity. Ethnicity is related to conflict when society is moderately homogenous; a highly plural society faces less risk. Very slight political liberalization leads to conflict, but larger increases reduce the danger considerably, supporting the view that conflict is driven by opportunistic behaviour rather than by grievance. Increases in homogeneity among Islamic and Catholic populations make them riskier. Perhaps institutional factors relating to separation of church and state rather than competing creeds explain culture conflicts. Larger shares of both Christians and Muslims within countries make them safer, contrary to claims of natural antagonism between the two. Governance, proxied by the ratio of total trade to GDP, predicts peace strongly, an under-theorized area within the study of civil war. Trade's relationship to peace is robust to specification and sample size, supporting the findings of the State Failure Project. Greater attention should perhaps be paid to formal and informal institutional factors that create the synergy between private and public spaces for overcoming collective action problems of maintaining peace. 10.1177/0022343302039004002 IS - 4 JF - Journal of Peace Research EP - 416 TI - Paradise is a Bazaar? Greed, Creed, and Governance in Civil War, 1989-99 VL - 39 SP - 395 KW - democracy KW - demography KW - ethnicity KW - religion KW - trade KW - wallensteen-sollenberg2000 N1 - He criticizes Collier-Hoeffler(1998), mainly their use of primary goods exports as a fraction of total exports. He considers the Malthusian crises(population explosion -> resource scarcity -> conflict), institutions (to see if civil wars are caused by opportunists or justice-seeking martyrs), and religions (because most of the oil-producing states are Islam) He uses Maximum-likelihood probit analysis. His war data comes from Wallensteen & Sollenberg 2000, which employs a low threshold of 25 battle-related deaths. (138 nations in the post-Cold War) The basic model is Pr(War 1989-1999)= f(E,D,P,R,S) where E=economic(WB2000), D=demography, P=political(PolityIII), R=resource(WB1997), and S=Social (Ethnicity, religion, etc). Results: There is little support for need-based arguments that Malthusian crises arise from resource scarcity. Ethnicity is related to conflict when society is homogeneous; a highly plural society faces less risk. Very slight political liberalization leads to conflict, but larger increases reduce the danger considerably, which supports that conflict is driven by opportunists rather than justice seeking martyrs. AU - De-Soysa, Indra PY - 2002/07/01/ UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343302039004002 ER -