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The Relation between Zero-Energy Scattering Phase-Shifts, the Pauli Exclusion Principle and the Number of Composite Bound Statesby: P. Swan
Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Vol. 228, No. 1172. (15 February 1955), pp. 10-33.
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Abstract10.1098/rspa.1955.0031 It is shown that for the interaction of systems described by integro-differential equations, such as the scattering of electrons by atoms or of nucleons by deuterons, tritons and other nuclei, that the zero-energy scattering phase-shift is (n + m) $π $, where n is the number of composite bound states of the impacted and incident particles, and m is the number of states from which the incident particle is excluded by the Pauli principle. Each of these excluded states corresponds to a solution of the integro-differential equation asymptotic to e$^-γ r$ for which the complete wave function vanishes identically, and which therefore does not represent a bound state. It is possible to predict the zero-energy phase-shift without calculation by a knowledge of the composite bound states and of the distribution and quantum numbers of the elementary particles contained in the impacted and incident systems.
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